What does "naturalization" refer to?

Naturalization refers to the legal process by which a foreign national becomes a citizen of the United States. This process typically involves meeting certain eligibility requirements, such as being a lawful permanent resident for a specific period, demonstrating good moral character, showcasing knowledge of U.S. history and government, and taking an oath of allegiance. Naturalization is a significant step for immigrants who seek to fully participate in American civic life, including the right to vote, hold public office, and enjoy other benefits of citizenship.

Other options, while related to immigration, do not accurately describe naturalization. The granting of a work visa is a way to allow a foreign national to work legally in the U.S. without conferring citizenship. Deportation is the process of removing an individual from the country, which is the opposite of what naturalization involves. Obtaining a student visa allows someone to study in the U.S., but it does not grant citizenship either. Thus, the correct understanding of naturalization is specifically linked to the grant of citizenship to eligible foreign nationals.