Which territory did the United States purchase from France in 1803?

The correct answer is Louisiana, as in 1803, the United States acquired a vast territory known as the Louisiana Purchase from France. This land deal effectively doubled the size of the United States at that time and covered approximately 828,000 square miles. The acquisition was significant not only for the increase in land but also for its strategic and economic importance. It provided access to vital resources and controlled significant locations along the Mississippi River, which enabled better trade routes and westward expansion.

The other options represent territories that were not part of this specific purchase. Texas was an independent republic at that time and was annexed by the United States later in 1845. California became a part of the U.S. after the Mexican-American War in 1848, and Florida was acquired from Spain in 1819 through diplomatic negotiations rather than a purchase from France.